1997: Publications.

a. "Coups and Crashes." Ali Farazmand, ed. Modern Systems of Government: Exploring the Role of Bureaucrats and Politicians. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. pp. 8-47.

b. "Bureaucracy and Viable Constitutionalism." Abdo Baaklini and Helen Desfosses, eds, Designs for Democratic Stability: Studies in Viable Constitutionalism. Armonk, NY; London, UK: M.E.Sharpe. pp.95-125.

c. "Descriptive Terminology: The INTERCOCTA Approach" Gerhard Budin and Sue-Ellen Wright, eds. Handbook of Terminology Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. pp. 184-196.

d. "Onomantics and Terminology: (Part IV) Neologisms, neoterisms, meta-terms, phrases and pleonasms." Knowledge Organization 24:1, pp. 8-17. [Parts I to III, published in 1996, Vol.23]

e. "Modernity and Bureaucracy." Public Administration Review, Vol.57/4, pp. 347-353. This is an abridged version of a paper presented at a symposium honoring Dwight Waldo, the Maxwell School, Syracuse University, July 1996. The original draft was entitled "Para-Modernism and Bureau Power": [] abstract || first part || second part || notes and bibliography [] You may also see The original draft which was entitled "Para-Modernism and Bureau Power"

f. "Presidentialism vs. Parliamentarism: Implications for Representativeness and Legitimacy," International Political Science Review. 18:3, pp.253-278. See the original unabridged draft.

g. "Commentary on 'The Other Side of Self-Determination' by Ian S. Lustick, Wolfgang Danspeckgrube, ed. Self-Determination and Self-Administration: A Sourcebook. Boulder, Co., Lynne Rienner. pp. 124-126.

1996: Publications.

a. "Viable Constitutionalism and Bureaucracy: Theoretical Premises." Journal of Behavioral and Social Sciences. Tokyo: Tokai University, Research Institute of Social Sciences, Vol 1995:2, pp.1-35. A lecture presented at the Tokai University in Tokyo, (March 1995) based on a presentation at the conference on "Viable Constitutionalism" held at Tokai University in Honolulu, with co-sponsorship by COVICO, November 1994.

b. "Korean Economic Growth in a Global Context: Cultural, Political and Administrative Aspects." Chung-hyun Ro, ed., Korea in the Era of Post-Development and Globalization. Seoul: Korea Institute of Public Administration. pp.153-220. Prepared for a conference at the Korea Institute for Public Administration, March 1995.

c. "Onomantics and Terminology:
Part I: Their Contributions to Knowledge Organization." Knowledge Organization. 23:1, pp.25-34.
Part II: Core Concepts." Knowledge Organization 23:3, pp. 156-168.
Part III: Knowledge Organization 23:4, pp. 216-224. [Part IV, "Neologisms and Pleonasms," published in Vol.24:1 (1997)]

1995: Publications

a. "Presidentialism: A Problematic Constitutional System." Conquering Politico-Administrative Frontiers. A festschrift honoring Raul de Guzman, Ledivina V. Carino, ed. Guezon City, Phil: University of the Philippines Press. pp. 541-562. Revised version of a lecture presented in honor of Jose Abueva at the College of Public Administration, University of the Philippines, Jan. 1994.

b. "The Representation of Concept Systems." Standardizing and Harmonizing Terminology: Theory and Practice. Sue Ellen Wright and Richard A. Strehlow, eds. Philadelphia, PA: ASTM. pp.63-74.

c. ."Ethnonational Rebellions and Viable Constitutionalism." International Political Science Review. 16:4, pp. 375-404. Based on a paper presented at an SOG panel of the IPSA Congress in Berlin, August 1994, and also used as the basis for a COVICO conference in Hawaii--with the co-sponsorship of SOG--January 5-8, 1995.

d. "Bureaucrats as a Ruling Group." Administrative Change. 22:1, Jy-Dec. 1994 [released Dec. 1995], pp. 1-22. Based on a paper, "Bureaucrats as a Ruling Group: Mandarins, Retainers, Transients and Functionaries," originally presented at the International Sociological Congress, Research Committee on Comparative Sociology, in Bielefeld, Germany, July 1994.

1994: Publications

a. ."Bureaucracy and the Constitution." Public Administration Review. vol. 54:1, pp.65-72. Based on a paper presented at the ASPA conference in Chicago, April 1992.

b. "Conceptual Homogenization of a Heterogeneous Field: Presidentialism in Comparative Perspective." Comparing Nations: Concepts, Strategies, Substance. Mattei Dogan and Ali Kazancigil, eds. Oxford, UK: Blackwell. pp.72-152. A revised version of "Presidentialism in the U.S.: A Comparativist Perspective," a paper prepared for the conference on "Presidential or Parliamentary Democracy: Does it Make a Difference," held at Georgetown University, May 1989. A revised draft was distributed under the title, "Presidentialism: An Empirical Theory."

c. "Thoughts about Neoidealism vs. Realism: Reflections on Charles Kegley's ISA Presidential Address, March 25, 1993." International Studies Notes, vol.19:1, pp. 1-6.

d. "Bureaucracy and Constitutional Reform." The Korean Public Administration Journal. Vol.2:4, pp.187-222. This is a revised version of a paper prepared for presentation at a seminar of the Nicaraguan Congress, Dec. 1992. It was also used at the COVICO conference in Albany, NY, March l994, and after further revisions, will be utilized in a book based on papers given at that conference.

e. ."American Public Administration in a Global Village." Jean-Claude Garcia-Zamor and Renu Khator, eds. Public Administration in the Global Village. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. pp.17-44.

f. "Why has Bureaucracy not Smothered Democracy in America?" Comparataive Public Management. Randall Baker, ed. Westport, Conn.: Praeger. pp.37-52.

g. "Bureaucracy: A Profound Perplexity for Presidentialism." Ali Farazmand, ed. Handbook on Bureaucracy. New York: Marcel Dekker. pp.97-148.

h. "The Ecology of Public Administraton Theory." Administrative Change. vol. 20:1-2. (July 92-June 93) pp.1-27. Also published in The Universe of Public Administration: Essays in Honour of Professor Sudesh K. Sharma. Ramesh Arora, ed. New Delhi: Associated Publishing House. pp. 7-35.

i. "Ethnonationalism, Industrialism, and the Modern State." Third World Quarterly. Vol. 15:4, pp.583-611. Paper presented at the International Studies Association conference in Washington, D.C. March 1994.

1993: Publications

a. "Fragility of the Third World's Regimes." International Social Science Journal. No. 136 (May 1993) pp. 199-243. Revised version of "Bureaucratic Power in the Third World," based on draft prepared for the Conference on Comparative Research on National Political Systems, Wissenschaftszentrum, Berlin, 9-12 July, 1984. A preliminary version was published in 1984 as "Bureaucratic Power and Administrative Change")

b. "Presidentialism: A Problematic Regime Type." Parliamentary vs. Presidential Government, Arend Lijphart, ed. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press. Chapter 32, pp.217-222. (Excerpted from "The Survival of Presidentialism in America," 1988.)

c. Review of Juan Sager, "A Practical Course in Terminology Processing." International Journal of Lexicography. vol.6:1, pp.70-77.

d. "Bureau Power: Some Paradoxes for Northeast Asia." The Korean Public Administration Journal. vol.1:4, pp.50-68. Seoul, Korea: Korean Institute for Public Administration. Paper presented at the international seminar, October 1992.

e. "Bureau Power in Southeast Asia." Asian Journal of Political Science. Singapore: National University of Singapore. Vol.1:1, pp.3-28.

f. "Social Science Terminology: Basic Problems and Proposed Solutions" Terminology: Applications in Interdisciplinary Communication. K. Soneveld, ed. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. pp.195-220.

1992: Publications

a. Ramesh K. Arora, ed. Politics and Administration in Changing Societies: Essays in Honour of Professor Fred W. Riggs. New Delhi: Associated Publishing House. Contains "Fred W. Riggs: An Introduction." pp. 1-34.

1991: Publications

a. "Bureaucratic Links between Administration and Politics." Handbook of Comparative and Development Public Administration. Ali Farazmand, ed. New York, Basel, Hong Kong: Marcel Dekker. pp.587-509. Based on a paper presented at the American Political Science Association conference, Atlanta, Sept. 1989.

b. "Public Administration: A Comparativist Framework." Public Administration Review. 51:6, 473-7..

c. "Ethnicity, Nationalism, Race, Minority: A Semantic/Onomantic Exercise." International Sociology (Part One). 6:3, 281-305. Part Two IS 6:4, 443-463. Part of a a paper, "Politics and Ethnicity: A Conceptual Mapping Exercise," prepared for the Roundtable on "Ethnic and Linguistic Communities," sponsored by the IPSA Research Committee on Politics and Ethnicity," Univ. of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland, July 4-7, 1990.

1990: Publications

a. "The Interdisciplinary Tower of Babel." International Social Science Journal. 126 (Nov.) 577-592. Paper for the American Political Science Association conference, Washington, D.C., 1988.

1989: Publications

a. "The Political Ecology of American Public Administration: A Neo-Hamiltonian Approach." International Journal of Public Administration. 12:3. pp. 355-384.

b. "Unity of Politics and Administration: Implications for Development." Administrative Change. 15:1 ("1987"). pp. 1-33. A paper presented at the American Society for Public Administration conference, Anaheim, CA. April 1986. Republished in Ramesh K. Arora and Sangeeta Sharma, eds. Comparative and Development Administration. Jaipur, India: Arihant Publishers, 1992. pp. 133-170.

c. Sangeeta Sharma, Administrative Thought of Fred W. Riggs. Ph.D. dissertation at University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India. Supervised by Ramesh K. Arora.

d. "Terminology and Lexicography: Their Complementarity." International Journal of Lexicography. 2:2. pp. 89-110.

1988: Publications

a. "Bureaucratic Politics in the U.S.," Governance. 1. pp. 343-379.

b. "The Interdependence of Politics and Administration," Philippine Journal of Public Administration. 3l:4. ("Oct. 1987"). pp. 418-438. A revised version of the paper, "Unity of Politics and Administration," delivered at the American Society for Public Administration conference, Anaheim, CA. April 1986.

c. "Modes of Ethnicity," Europa Ethnica. Vienna. 88:4. 161-177. Published also in Journal of Ethnic Studies. Ljubljana: Institute for Ethnic Studies--Treatises and Documents 21. This paper was first presented at the International Congress for Anthropological and Ethnographic Sciences, Zagreb, Yugoslavia, July 1988.

d. "The Survival of Presidentialism in America: Para-Constitutional Practices." International Political Science Review. 9:4. pp. 247-278.

1987: Publications

a. "Indigenous Concepts: A Problem for Social and Information Science." International Social Science Journal. 114. pp. 607-617. Published also in French and Spanish editions. Library Science: With a Slant to Documentation and Information Studies Bangalore, India: Sarada Ranganathan Endowment for Library Science. 28:2 (June 1991) pp. 43-57. Based on a lecture given in New Delhi, August 1986, for the Ranganathan Endowment and the Indian Library Association.

1986: Publications

a. "What is Ethnic? What is National? Let's Turn the Tables." Canadian Review of Studies in Nationalism. 13:1. pp. 111-123.

1985: Publications

a. "Bureaucratic Power and Administrative Change," Administrative Change. Jaipur, India. 11:2 ("1984") pp. 105-158. Republished in Ramesh K. Arora and Sangeeta Sharma, eds. Comparative and Development Administration. Jaipur, India: Arihant Publishers, 1992. pp. 171-232.

b. Ethnicity: INTERCOCTA Glossary--Concepts and Terms used in Ethnicity Research. Paris: International Social Science Council, Committee on Conceptual and Terminological Analysis (COCTA). 234 pages. (privately distributed "pilot edition")

1984: Publications

a. "Development" in Giovanni Sartori, ed. Social Science Concepts: A Systematic Analysis. Beverly Hills, CA: SAGE. pp. 125-203. Translated into Italian as Sviluppo, Biblioteca di Cultura 286. Rome: Bulzone Editore, 1986.

1982: Publications

a. Ed. The CONTA Conference: Proceedings of the Conference on Conceptual and Terminological Analysis in the Social Sciences. Bielefeld, West Germany, May 24-27, 1981. Frankfurt: Indeks Verlag. 368 pages.

1981: Publications

a. "Cabinet Ministers and Coup Groups: The Case of Thailand. International Political Science Review. 2:2. pp. 159-188.

b. "The Rise and Fall of 'Political Development'," in Samuel Long, ed. The Handbook of Political Behavior. New York: Plenum Press. Vol.4. pp. 289-348.

1980: Publications

a. "The Ecology and Context of Public Administration: A Comparative Perspective," Public Administraton Review. 40:2 (March/April). pp. 107-115.

b. "Three Dubious Hypotheses," Administration and Society. 12:3 (Nov.). pp. 301-326.

1979: Publications

a. "Bureaucracy and Development Administration," Philippine Journal of Public Administration. 21:2 (April 1977). pp. 105-122.

b. "Shifting Meanings of the Term 'Bureaucracy'." International Social Science Journal. 31:4. pp. 563-584.

1978: Publications

a. Applied Prismatics. Kathmandu, Nepal: Center for Economic Development and Administration, Tribhuvan University. 181 pages. Based on lectures given in Nepal, 1973.

b. "Technology and Development." S. K. Sharma, ed. Dynamics of Development--An International Perspective. Delhi: Concept Pub. Co. Vol.II. pp. 1-16.

1976: Publications

a. "The Group and the Movement: Notes on Comparative and Development Administration," Public Administration Review. 36:6 (Nov./Dec.). pp. 648-654.

b. "Introductory Concepts on Bureaucracy and Development Administration in Africa." African Administrative Studies, Tangier: CAFRAD. no.16. pp. 81-91. A paper presented at the Workshop on Bureaucracy and Development Administration in Africa. Atbara, Sudan. February 1975.

1975: Publications

a. Legislative Origins: A Comparative and Contextual Approach. Pittsburgh, PA: International Studies Association, Occasional Paper no.7. 79 pages.

b. "Organizational Structures and Contexts." Administration and Society. 7:2 (Aug.). pp. 150-190. Revision of a paper, "The Organizational Contexts of Organizations," prepared for a CAG conference on Comparative Organization Theory.

c. Ed. Tower of Babel: On the Definition and Analysis of Concepts in the Social Sciences. by Giovanni Sartori, Fred Riggs and Henry Teune. Pittsburgh, PA: International Studies Association, Occasional Paper no.6. 107 pages. Chapter 2, "The Definition of Concepts," pp. 39-76, and the "Introduction" and "Conclusion" are by Riggs.

1974: Publications

a. "Legislative Structures: Some Thoughts on Elected National Assemblies." in Allan Kornberg, ed. Legislatures in Comparative Perspective. New York: McKay. Based on a paper presented at a conference on legislatures, Duke University, Feb. 1970.

b. Prismatic Society Revisited. Morristown, NJ: General Learning Press. 42 pages. Korean translation by Ja-Yong Koo. Seoul: Kyung Mun Sa press. 1987

1971: Publications

a. Administrative Reform and Political Responsiveness: A Theory of Dynamic Balancing. Beverly Hills, CA: SAGE. Professional Paper in Comparative Politics. 39 pages. Based on a paper, "Administrative Reform as a Problem of Dynamic Balancing," presented at the Round Table on Administrative Reform and Development, Beirut, Lebanon, April 1970. The original text was published in the proceedings of the Round Table on Administrative Reform and Development. Beirut, Lebanon: National Institute of Administration and Development. Also published with same title in Philippine Journal of Public Administration, (April "1970"). pp. 101-135; and in Portuguese translation in Revista do Administratao Publica. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Vargas Foundation. 4 (1970). pp. 75-114.

b. Ed. Frontiers of Development Administration. Durham, N.C. Duke University Press. Includes three chapters by Riggs: "Introduction," pp. 3-37; "The Context of Development Administration," pp. 72-108; "Bureaucratic Politics in Comparative Perspective" (reprinted from 1969). pp. 375-414.

c. Ed. International Studies. Report of a conference sponsored by the American Academy of Political and Social Science. Philadelphia: the Academy. Monograph 12. 271 pages.

1970: Publications

a. "The Comparison of Whole Political Systems." Robert Holt and John Turner, eds. The Methodology of Comparative Research. New York: Free Press, 1970. Translated as "Une Typologie Exhaustive des Systemes Politiques," in Mattei Dogan and D. Pelassy, eds. La Comparaison Internationale en Sociologie Politique. Paris: Libraries Techniques, 1980. pp. 143-154.

b. "The Ecology of Development." Indian Administrative and Management Review. 22 (Sept.-Oct.). pp. 1-13. Originally distributed as CAG Occasional Paper, Sept. 1964. Reprinted in Development Debate, 1987. pp. 1-29.

c. "The Idea of Development Administration." Edward Weidner, ed. Development Administration in Asia. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. pp. 25-72.

d. "Systems Theory: Structural Analysis." Michael Haas and Henry Kariel, eds. Approaches to the Study of Political Science. Scranton, PA: Chandler Publishing Co. pp. 194-235.

1969: Publications

a. Organization Theory and International Development. Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University, Political Science Department, Carnegie Seminar on Political and Administrative Development. 27 pages.

b. "Professionalism, Political Science and the Scope of Public Administration," James C. Charlesworth, ed. Theory and Practice of Public Administration. Philadelphia: American Academy of Political and Social Science. pp. 32-62.

c. "The Structures of Government and Administrative Reform," Ralph Braibanti and Associates, eds. Political and Administrative Development. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. pp. 220-324.

1968: Publications

a. "The Dialectics of Developmental Conflict," Comparative Political Studies. 1:2 (July). pp. 197-226. Reprinted in Robert Jackson and Michael Stein, eds. Issues in Comparative Politics. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1971.

b. "Professionalism, Political Science, and the Scope of Public Administration." James C. Charlesworth, ed. Theory and Practice of Public Administration. Philadelphia: American Academy of Political and Social Science, Monograph 8. pp. 32-62

1967: Publications

a. "Comparative Politics and the Study of Political Parties: A Structural Approach." William J. Crotty, ed. Approaches to the Study of Party Organization. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. pp. 45-104. Italian translation, "Criteri di classificazione dei partiti," Domenico Tisichella, ed. Partitie Gruppi di Pressione. Bologna, Italy: Societa editrice il Mulino, 1972.

b. "The Theory of Political Development," James C. Charlesworth, ed. Contemporary Political Analysis. New York: Free Press, 1967. pp. 317-349.

1966: Publications

a. "The Ambivalence of Feudalism and Bureaucracy in Traditional Societies." Bloomington, Ind. CAG Occasional Paper. 48 pages. First presented at the American Political Science Association, Chicago, Sept. 1964. Reprinted in The Chinese Journal of Administration. 8 (Jan. 1967). pp. 1-14, and (July 1967). pp. 1-19.

b. "The Comparison of Whole Political Systems." Bloomington, Ind. CAG Occasional Paper. 43 pages. Prepared for a Seminar at the University of Minnesota, Center for Comparative Political Analysis. (Published in 1970 in Robert Holt and John Turner, eds. The Methodology of Comparative Research. New York: Free Press.).

c. "Modernization and Political Problems: Some Developmental Prerequisites," Report of the International Conference on the Problems of Modernization in Asia, June 28-July 7, 1965. Seoul, Korea: Korea University, Asiatic Research Center. pp. 473-487. Reprinted in George O. Totten ed. Developing Nations: The Quest for Models. New York: Van Nostrand, 1970. pp. 60-82.

d. "Modernization and Developmental Administration." Bloomington, Ind. CAG Occasional Paper. 60 pages. Reprinted in Philippine Journal of Public Administration. 11:1 (January). pp. 41-57.

e. Thailand: The Modernization of a Bureaucratic Polity. Honolulu: East-West Center Press. 470 pages. Two chapters reprinted in John T. McAlister, Jr., ed. Southeast Asia: The Politics of National Integration. New York: Random House, 1972. Also: "The Bureaucratic Polity as a Working System," Ch.10, in John Ravenhill, ed. The Political Economy of East Asia. London" Edward Elgar Pub., 1995.

1965: Publications

a. "The Political Context of Administrative Reform: Relearning an Old Lesson." Public Administration Review. 25:1 (March). pp. 70-79.

1964: Publications

a. Administration in Developing Countries: The Theory of Prismatic Society. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Published in Korean, 1966; and in Portuguese, as Administracao nos Paises em Desenvolvimento--A Teoria de Sociedade Prismatica. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Getulio Vargas Foundation, 1968. Excerpts reprinted in Michael D. Reagan, ed. The Administration of Public Policy. Palo Alto, CA: Scott, Foresman, 1969. pp. 33-43.

1963: Publications

a. "Bureaucrats and Political Development." Joseph LaPalombara, ed. Bureaucracy and Political Development. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. pp. 120-167. Excerpted in Jason L. Finkle and Richard W. Gable, eds. Political Development and Social Change. New York: Wiley, 1966. pp. 409-429. Also reprinted in part in Frank Tachau, ed. The Developing Nations: What Path to Modernization. Dodd, Mead. 1972.

b. "The Theory of Developing Polities." World Politics. Oct. 1963.

1962: Publications

a. "The Prevalence of 'Clects'." The American Behavioral Scientist. 5:10. pp. 15-18.

b. "The 'Sala' Model: An Ecological Approach to the Study of Comparative Administration." Philippine Journal of Public Administration. 6 (Jan.). pp. 3-16. Reprinted in Ferrel Heady and Sybil L. Stokes, eds. Papers in Comparative Public Administration. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, Institute of Public Administration. Also reprinted in Nimrod Raphaeli, ed. Readings in Comparative Public Administration. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. pp. 412-432, and in Arnold J. Heidenheimer, ed. Political Corruption: Readings in Comparative Analysis. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1970. pp. 212-219.

c. "Trends in the Comparative Study of Public Administration," International Review of Administrative Sciences. 27. pp. 9-15. Reprinted in Maurice O'Donnell, Readings in Public Administration. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. A revised and expanded version published as: Convergences in the Study of Comparative Public Administration and Local Government. Gainesville, FL: University of Florida, Public Administration Clearing Service, Studies in Public Administration no.23.

1961: Publications

a. The Ecology of Public Administration. Published under the auspices of the Indian Institute of Public Administration, New Delhi. Bombay: Asia Publishing House. 152 pages. Published concurrently in New York by Taplinger Publishing Co. Portuguese translation, by Hugo Wahrlich. A Ecologia da Administracao Publica. Rio de Janeiro: Getulio Vargas Foundation, 1964. Published in Chinese translation. Taipei: 1967.

b. "International Relations as a Prismatic System," World Politics. 14 (Oct.). pp. 144-181. Reprinted in Klaus Knorr and Sidney Verba, eds. The International System: Theoretical Essays. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 144-181.

1958: Publications

a. "A New Look at Government Documents," Bulletin of the Association of Special Libraries of the Philippines. (Sept-Dec.). pp. 6-16.

1957: Publications

a. "Agraria and Industria: Toward a Typology of Comparative Administration." William J. Siffin, ed. Toward the Comparative Study of Public Administration. Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press. pp. 23-ll6.

1956: Publications

a. "Public Administration: A Neglected Factor in Economic Development." Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 305 (May). pp. 70-80. (Winner of Silver Pen Award)

1954: Publications

a. "Notes on Literature Available for the Study of Comparative Public Administration." The American Political Science Review. 58 (June). pp. 515-537.

1952: Publications

a. Formosa under Chinese Nationalist Rule. New York: Macmillan. 195 pages. Reprinted, New York: Octagon Books, 1972.

1950: Publications

a. Pressures on Congress: A Study of the Repeal of Chinese Exclusion. (New York: King's Crown Press. 260 pages. (Ph.D. dissertation, Columbia University). Reprinted, Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1972.

b. "Tibet in Extremis." Far Eastern Survey. (Dec. 6).

c. "Wards of the U.N.: Trust and Dependent Areas." Foreign Policy Report. (June 1).

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Updated: March 2000